Page 10 of 110 CHAPTER II. THE PTOLEMIES. - Cleopatra

CHAPTER II. THE PTOLEMIES.

The dynasty of the Ptolemies.--The founder.--Philip of
Macedon.--Alexander.--The intrigue discovered.--Ptolemy
banished.--Accession of Alexander.--Ptolemy's elevation.--Death of Alexander.--Ptolemy becomes King of Egypt.--Character of Ptolemy's reign.--The Alexandrian library.--Abdication of Ptolemy.--Ptolemy Philadelphus.--Death of Ptolemy.--Subsequent degeneracy of the Ptolemies.--Incestuous marriages of the Ptolemy family.--Ptolemy Physcon.--Origin of his name.--Circumstances of Physcon's accession.--Cleopatra.--Physcon's brutal perfidity.--He marries his wife's daughter.--Atrocities of Physcon.--His flight.--Cleopatra assumes the government.--Her birth-day.--Barbarity of Physcon.--Grief of Cleopatra.--General character of the Ptolemy family.--Lathyrus. --Terrible quarrels with his mother.--Cruelties of Cleopatra. --Alexander kills her.--Cleopatra a type of the family.--Her two daughters.--Unnatural war.--Tryphena's hatred of her sister.--Taking of Antioch.--Cleopatra flees to a temple.--Jealousy of Tryphena.--Her resentment increases.--Cruel and sacrilegious murder.--The moral condition of mankind not degenerating.

The founder of the dynasty of the Ptolemies--the ruler into whose hands the kingdom of Egypt fell, as has already been stated, at the death of Alexander the Great--was a Macedonian general in Alexander's army. The circumstances of his birth, and the events which led to his entering into the service of Alexander, were somewhat peculiar. His mother, whose name was Arsinoe, was a personal favorite and companion of Philip, king of Macedon, the father of Alexander. Philip at length gave Arsinoe in marriage to a certain man of his court named Lagus. A very short time after the marriage, Ptolemy was born. Philip treated the child with the same consideration and favor that he had evinced toward the mother. The boy was called the son of Lagus, but his position in the royal court of Macedon was as high and honorable, and the attentions which he received were as great, as he could have expected to enjoy if he had been in reality a son of the king. As he grew up, he attained to official stations of considerable responsibility and power.

In the course of time, a certain transaction occurred by means of which Ptolemy involved himself in serious difficulty with Philip, though by the same means he made Alexander very strongly his friend. There was a province of the Persian empire called Caria, situated in the southwestern part of Asia Minor. The governor of this province had offered his daughter to Philip as the wife of one of his sons named Aridaeus, the half brother of Alexander. Alexander's mother, who was not the mother of Aridaeus, was jealous of this proposed marriage. She thought that it was part of a scheme for bringing Aridaeus forward into public notice, and finally making him the heir to Philip's throne; whereas she was very earnest that this splendid inheritance should be reserved for her own son. Accordingly, she proposed to Alexander that they should send a secret embassage to the Persian governor, and represent to him that it would be much better, both for him and for his daughter, that she should have Alexander instead of Aridaeus for a husband, and induce him, if possible, to demand of Philip that he should make the change.

		The Christian ideal has not been tried and found wanting. It has been found difficult; and left untried. Gilbert Keith Chesterton